Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Ethics Of Animal Testing

To achieve this, regulations should be representative of the â€Å"equal consideration† view that all animals, including humans, have the same right to not suffer or be harmed. A cost-benefit analysis justifying these types of experiments should be used to evaluate the appropriateness of using animals for the research. The United Kingdom has adopted this perspective calling for a complete ban on all experiments that cause more harm to the animals than would be of benefit to humans. The United Kingdom has historically been a leader in terms of regulating animal research and has banned the use of animals in testing of cosmetics, household products, tobacco, and alcohol without sacrificing the safety of their products. Their main pieces of†¦show more content†¦Animals have successfully been used to understand biological processes, assess safety of different chemicals, develop vaccines and antibiotics, produce treatments for hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis, polio, diabe tes and many more . However, it is impossible to know if the use of animals was required to acquire this research or if the amount of suffering and death could have been reduced or avoided in order to achieve the same results. It is well established that animals have been invaluable in the pursuit of biomedical research, and the benefits from using animals currently means that eliminating animal research is also immoral. This is because the benefits received from some research greatly outweigh the potential costs to the animals and it would be unjust not to perform such experiments. Consequently, animal research should not be fully banned due to the benefits it yields, but should be more heavily regulated to reduce the moral costs. In order to minimize the moral costs in an experiment, all aspects of the research must be taken into account. This includes how the animals are acquired, the number of animals used, the moral standing of the species, the severity of harm inflicted, transportation, housing, and handling of the animals . The United Kingdom’s Animal Act of 1986 takes all of these into account when conducting a cost-benefit analysis to determine if a research licence is granted. Experiments areShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Codes Of Human Research Ethics1035 Words   |  5 Pageswas the implementation of ethical codes of conduct in regards to both humans and animals. Milgram’s (1963) obedience experiment prompted various issues related to human research ethics. In Milgram’s initial experiment, participants were asked to electric shock others in order to test their level of obedience to an authority figure. According to the British Psychological Society (BPS) Code of Human Research Ethics (2010), Milgram put the studies participants at more than minimal risk as the researchRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Animals For Operations For The Purpose Of Experimentation Or Scientific Research? Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesFirst off Vivisection is the practice that uses living animals for operations for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research. In shorter words vivisection is a type of animal testing. Aristotle used animal testing in 384-322 BC(Hajar 1). This just shows animal testing has been going on for decades. Vivisection is viewed as a harmful abusive practice to animals. If their was a way to demolish vivisection in the future there would be other alternatives that would replace it. ScientistsRead MoreEssay about Rogerian Argument of Genetic Engineered Foods1161 Words   |  5 Pagesphysiological barriers and to exchange genetic materials among living organisms. Genetically modified foods are the latest contribution of biotechnology. These foods are being made by inserting genes from an external source such as viruses, bacteria, animals or plants into a usually unrelated species. The use of recombinant DNA technology has the potential to allow humans to create desired and designed foods. Many opponents of genetically modified foods doubt the safety of those artificial foods. TheyRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Wrong?1687 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of animals and respect them as equals on their shared territory. Animals are not treated as equals and therefore the animals are suffering from the harm that humans are inflicting on them through animal testing experimentation. These acts of animal experimentation have caused a decrease in the number of some species of animals, while others have broken several rights that animals have and are protected under The Animal Welfare Act. Animal experimentation is wrong because people use animals for beautyRead MoreThe Importance Of A Research On Bipolar Disorder1009 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation will be discussing the contributions non-human animal research has made to the field of psychology while focusing on developments in bipolar research. It will begin with an exploration of three research examples that used mice to make discoveries relevant to bipolar disorder. Then my presentation will acknowledge the ethical concerns behind non-human animal research. Next, my presentation will go into an analysis of non-human animal research by discussing its advantages and how valuable thisRead MoreAnimal Rights : Where Are The Limits?1680 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Steele Dr. Beutel ENG 101 November 18, 2014 Animal Rights: Where Are The Limits? Do animals deserve the natural rights humans have? Animals are being kept captive in science labs to test many things. In research labs they are used to test many trivial products and they are also used in valuable medical research. Many animal right activists go as far as breaking the law as an attempt to get the point across about the wellbeing of animals in science labs instead of being civil about the mannerRead MoreMerck - River Blindness1652 Words   |  7 PagesMerck and Co. and river blindness MANUEL VELASQUEZ, Business Ethics. Concepts and cases 4th edt., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1998 River blindness is an agonizing disease that affects some 18 million impoverished people living in remote villages along the banks of rivers in tropical regions of Africa and Latin America. The disease is caused by a tiny parasitic worm that is passed from person to person by the bite of the black fly which breeds in river waters. The tiny wormsRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods And Organic Foods1637 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolves animal cruelty. Although food is tested for safety before it goes out in the market, there is no solid proof of a long-term study. It is possible that health risks may arise, although not immediately, but over time. From my current understanding, genetically modified food is artificially altered from experimentation. Doing so, helps farmers grow a greater yield and, therefore, helps such business. Another sensitive topic known related to this subject is the mistreatment to the animals thatRead MoreGlobalization Has Affected World Health1356 Words   |  6 Pagesaffected world health in a variety of positive and negative ways and the analysis of these effects allows us to better prepare the future course of international health and for dealing with the fallout of negative effects. As one of the major vectors of negative effects on global health, the movement of people and goods should have serious thought put into whether the inhibition of such movement would be worth the health benefits. Additionally, the trade of foods has allowed illness to enter into aRead MoreMain Disadvantage. Participants’ Opinions And Feelings1640 Words   |  7 PagesMain Disadvantage Participants’ opinions and feelings aren’t considered. The analysis is therefore less in-depth and tends to give only a superficial understanding of the emotions or reasons associated with the answers given, although it can be used to measure the extent or degree of participants’ attitudes. If only a small sample can be obtained, and because each answer is unique, the information won’t necessarily represent the entire population. Results Results tend to be conclusive and come with

Comparing The Opening Scenes of the Two Romeo and Juliet...

Comparing The Opening Scenes of the Two Romeo and Juliet Films In this essay I will be comparing two Romeo and Juliet films done by different directors at different times. The first film I will be comparing was directed by Franco Zeffirelli in 1968, which is considered the older version and the other film I will be comparing was directed by Baz Luhrmann in 1996 and this is considered the more recent version of Romeo and Juliet. For each film I will be comparing the opening prologue and opening scene, which lasts about 10 minutes, and both films differ in the way the scenes are set out and shown to the audience. In the more recent film of Romeo and Juliet the prologue is presented in many†¦show more content†¦The music in the background is very churchlike/ religious music to begin with, which then changes to a very fast almost blurred music to signify how fast this has all happened and that the two families mean business. There are also clippings of the city of Verona, where the play is set. There are two big sky scrapers one with Capulet and one with Montague written on the top there is also a church between the two symbolising that the church is trying to bring the two families together to become friends rather than enemies. In the older film of Romeo and Juliet the prologue is set out in a much simpler way when compared to the other film as there is only one male voiceover which is done very slowly and mournfully which gives a very depressing start to the film. During the voiceover the camera is panning across the town, where there is a small market and a few houses. We can also see from the panning that it is early morning and there is a picture of the Sun rising which is significant throughout the play as the characters say that tempers frae in the heat. Throughout the prologue there is also some very courtly/ medieval music to set the scene for the era it is in. In the more recent version of Romeo and Juliet the fight between the two households in the opening scene is shown in a very drastic aggressiveShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Although the story of Romeo and Juliet is over 500 years old, it is as relevant and appealing today as it was when first performed. Although dated, the story of Romeo and Juliet still holds great appeal and relevance to today’s society, despite the differences in morals and values between William Shakespeare’s audience 500 years ago, and Baz Luhrmann’s audience today. The arising issues of order and authority, fate and love entertain/ed and appeals/edRead More Comparing Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story Essay example932 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story In this piece of coursework I will be analysing the technical aspects of the opening scenes in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story. I will be talking about the body language, costumes, colour schemes, the sounds, music and camera angles used in each of the films. Both these films are about two lovers who fall in love despite being in rival gangs or families, which eventually leads to both lovers from bothRead MoreThe Opening Scene to Baz Lurhmans Romeo and Juliet Essay465 Words   |  2 PagesThe Opening Scene to Baz Lurhmans Romeo and Juliet The play Romeo and Juliet is set in the Italian city of Verona, it is about a blood feud between two families called the Montagues and the capulets. Two people from the Montagues and Capulets fall in love and only when they die will the fighting between the two families come to an end. The opening scene to Romeo and Juliet is set in a public place in Verona it starts with two servants of the Capulet family armedRead MoreComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann775 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann Both openings of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann show similarities and contrasts. Although both versions are faithful to the text as the words spoken by the voiceover in the Prologue are the same, the methods of presentation are clearly different. Zeffirelli places the film in the 17th century and takes a more traditional approach. By using a whiteRead MoreComparing the Starts of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet1744 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Starts of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a timeless, classical love story written by the unmatched author, William Shakespeare. Many of Shakespeare’s works are considered literary classics, but none are more loved, well known than Romeo and Juliet. This play masterfully tells the love story of two teenagers in Verona, Italy. The title characters, Romeo and Juliet, are members of two feuding families. Romeo is a MontagueRead MoreShow How the Masked Ball Scene in Act 1 Scene 5 of ‘Romeo and Juliet Is Such a Dramatic and Important Scene with Shakespeares Audiences. You Should Refer to Words in the Text but You May Also Include References to Filmed Versions You Have Watch...1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe audience know that Romeo and Juliet will meet and fall in love even though they are from feuding families. This allows dramatic irony throughout the play. For example: ‘A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life. (Narrator, prologue, line 6) This means that they meet by chance and that they will die together. After they meet at the ball they do not know who oneanother is and after enquiring they find they are from the rival families. After Juliet finds out Romeo is a Montague she says toRead MoreEssay on Comparing Opening Sequences of Romeo and Juliet1626 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Opening Sequences of Romeo and Juliet In my essay I am going to compare the opening scenes the two versions of Romeo Juliet. One is by Franco Zeffirelli, which was made in the late 1970’s. The other one is by Baz Luhrmann and was made in 1996. The Zeffirelli version stars Leonardo Whiting as Romeo and Olivia Hussey as Juliet. This version was more authentic and traditional. It was filmed more in a way Shakespeare would have illusory it. It was set in ItalyRead MoreViolence and Conflict in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1647 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a large tragic play, which is about two feuding families the Montagues and the Capulets of Verona. Although it is a play about love, there are many scenes that contain violence and conflict. The play opens with a conflict between the Capulet and Montague households who become involved in arguments in a public place in Verona, they lose their tempers and swords are drawn. The play ends with two innocent people dieingRead MoreComparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis Versions of Romeo and Juliet1551 Words   |  7 PagesComparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis Versions of Romeo and Juliet This essay will compare two versions of Romeo and Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli. In order for me to comment on both versions of Romeo and Juliet I will compare the opening shots, the way the main characters are introduced and the types of music and costumes used in each version. Baz Luhrmanns film takes place in contemporary America. The latest Read MoreHatred Between Montagues and Capulets in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1891 Words   |  8 PagesHatred Between Montagues and Capulets in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Task To analyse how Franco Zefferelli and Baz Lurhmann show the hatred between the Montagues and Capulet, which is so strong in the opening sequence of their film version of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Introduction ============ Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a love story and a tragedy - one of his best known

Awareness of the Cultural Encounter-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explore how cultural encounters are manifested in literary works, specifically short stories from An Anthology of Short Stories from Five Continents, with particular reference to The Distant Past by William Trevor and In Cuba I was a German Shepherd by Ana Menendez. Both these stories talk of refugees, physically and/or emotionally, Cuban exiles in the US and Anglicans who once belonged in Ireland. Answer: Introduction Cultural encounters are a part of experiences individuals undergo in the wake of interactions with people of different cultures either living in foreign land or visiting such individuals during tours. Migration for permanent or temporary settlement in other countries raises the most of such cases where the migrants or immigrants try to cope with the lifestyle, culture, food and beverage preferences of the new nations. As such, critical issues of cultural concern arise thus leading to the cultural encounters in different perspectives. Cultural encounters are manifest themselves in literary works and go a long way in providing experiences, conflict, and disruption to settlers. The paper focuses on the cultural encounters from the short stories; The Distant Past and In Cuba I was a German Shepherd. Similarity in Cultural Encounter in both Texts The issue of cultural experience appears both in the stories though in different setups but relating experiences. In the Distant Past, the story speaks of the conflict between British and the Irish as well as the Catholics and Protestants (Schirmer 2014). The protagonists in the case, the Middleton are Irish Protestants living in a predominantly Catholic country and of different political ideology (Gale 2016). The Middletons face rebellion and hostility due to their present political and religious affiliation in the wake of the conflict that renewed the old wounds long forgotten in the area. As a result, the theme of loneliness and alienation arise making their lives unbearable as they cannot interact with the friends thus fear of dying emanates (Gale 2016). The union Jack formerly displayed in their car becomes an element of danger as t could threaten their life in the times of the conflict. In Cuba I was a German Shepherd also elicits similar experiences to the latter. The book narrates of the attempts of immigrants from Cuba to make a new life in America. The author speaks of the loneliness and despair that the migration caused the affected parties no longer enjoy the company of their friends, family, elegant homes and a lost dream of becoming writers, singers, and baseball players. The stories always began with in Cuba life was always pure and goodthus telling of the present difference experienced. Further, Maximo explains of the significant person he was in the native land despite the present amusement he commands from people due to his height. Therefore, the issue of culture is similar in the two cases where each party try to hold on to their parent land culture while at the same trying to cope with that of the parent land which at times becomes difficult and raising conflicts. The case of the protestant family in a catholic dominant country and the short Cuban Maximo who seemed different and a laughing stock illustrates the frustrations of cultural experience in the two cases. At the same time, the state of loneliness caused by the indifference with the present culture applies in the two cases thus justifying the issue of cultural experience. Authors Awareness of the Cultural Encounter Cultural encounter loosely translates to interactions between two or more persons working or operating under different social norms. The theme of cultural encounter remains present in the cases as highlighted by the respective authors. Menendez and Trevor draw back their memories in comparison of the former occurrences to the present ones and give a different narration of the difference in culture thus drawing recognition for cultural encounters in their respective readings. In their interactions with the natives, the Cubans work together with the natives and understand their differences but try to comply with the working cultures of the natives (Aparicio 2014). On the other hand, Trevor is aware of the cultural encounters as demonstrated in the way the Middletons left their home in the evening to go to the towns and interact with the locals. The narrations in both cases indicate their awareness of the encounters as they clearly tell of the frustrations and happiness that ensued in such meetings for the immigrants. Thus, the awareness is manifested in the acknowledgement and highlight of the interaction of both parties and the subsequent comparisons they make to their former culture in relation with the present occurrences. Main Characters Awareness of Cultural Encounter The main characters in the stories are aware of the cultural encounter surrounding their life. The Middletons are aware that things have changed as opposed to the times when they interacted with the locals freely occasioned by the conflict and action of the British on the locals (Schirmer 2014). As a result, in realization of the difference cultures and belief, the Middletons recognize the Union Jack as an element of danger and as a threat to their life and thus do not display it as done previously (Gale 2016). At the same time, they stay clear of causing further influence on the rest based on their religious affiliation in full understanding of the dominant Catholic followers. Meximo on his part recognizes the fact that people are laughing about his height in the present nation he is as an immigrant. However, he takes consolation in the fact that back in their nation he was recognized and treasured despite his physical formation that differs from that of the locals (Aparicio 2014). The realization justifies his awareness of the cultural encounter experienced at the place. Despite the challenge, the character goes on to conform and find means to adapt to the ridicule and other issues as an immigrant while constantly making reference to the heaven he enjoyed back in Cuba (Garcia 2016). Both cases illustrate acknowledgement of the case and thus justify that the main characters in the play understand fully the subject matter to their feel of isolation and loneliness. Incidents Depiction of Cultural Encounter The theme of cultural encounter is highlighted through the visit to town on Friday where the Middletons enjoyed their journey and tried to trace and hold on to their tradition in full realization of the contrary among the locals (Gale 2016). As such, they went to the town and sold eggs while drinking and interacting with the locals in trying to adapt to their culture. In the process, the cultural encounter took place where they learned a lot on the dominant culture and tried to live and act like them but holding to their initial cultural values and beliefs. In the White busses event, Meximo and the friends interacted while playing Domino with the rest of the team. While the game was played in silence, those of other culture shouted to the girls and made gestures that appeared weird to Meximo. However, he got used to them on the realization of the cultural encounter and the differences in what he liked doing as opposed to the locals (Aparicio 2014). Despite the bad things observed, he always went back to the spot and did the same things over and over again. Usage of Contrasts in Highlighting Cultural Encounters The use of contrast assists in telling the story and understanding the cultural encounters in the case. First, Meximo in most statements would begin with the phrase Back in Cuba, things were goodthus justifying the use of past and the present in trying to compare cultural issues (Garcia 2016). The comparison of character and how people treasured him in his profession as opposed to the present draws elements of comparison which depict the reality of cultural encounters Frank 2014). On the other hand, the Middletons in their visit to the town try to compare and find peace in holding to their allegiance and religion. On Sundays they always visited St. Patricks Protestant Church, a place that matched their moods and reminded them of the past. Through the same, they identified with the past and used the Fridays in associating with the locals in identifying with the present culture, which they found unusual at times. Conclusion The two texts remain similar in the portrayal of cultural encounters in different contexts. It is observed that the authors experienced the case which despite different location of the play has resembling features in the struggle of the immigrants with the native culture. Despite the challenges, everything had to be done to ensure they survive even in the face of ridicule. The two books remain a good read for literature skills. Reference List Aparicio, J.A., 2014. That is So Funny It Breaks My Heart": Melancholy and Mourning in Ana Menndez's" In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd. CEA Critic, 76(3), pp.305-311. Frank, H., 2014. Cultural Encounters in Translated Children's Literature. Routledge. Gale, C.L., 2016. A Study Guide for William Trevor's" The Distant Past". Gale, Cengage Learning. Garcia, D.E., 2016. Fragmentation and Multiplicity in Cuban-American Identity: In Cuba I was a German Shepherd by Ana Menndez and Memory Mambo by Achy Obejas. Schirmer, G.A., 2014. William Trevor (Routledge Revivals): A Study of His Fiction. Routledge. Shaffer, B.W., 2018. New Edition on Irish Fiction Drama. English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920, 61(2), pp.285-288.

STDd Essays - RTT, Medicine, Bacteria, , Term Papers

STD'd Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs, a.k.a venereal diseases, infectious diseases passed from one person to another during sexual contact. STDs are the most common infections known. More than 12 million people in the United States, including 3 million teenagers, are infected with STDs every year. The United States has the highest STD rate in the world about one in ten Americans will contract an STD during his or her lifetime. People who do not know they are infected risk infecting their sexual partners and, in some cases, their unborn children. If left untreated, these diseases may cause pain or may destroy a woman's ability to have children. Some STDs can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics, but AIDS cannot be cured. Those most at risk for contracting STDs are people who have unprotected sexwithout using a condom, people who have multiple partners, and people whose sex partners are drug users who share needles. Statics show that Americans between the ages of 16 and 24 are most likely of catching STDs than older adults, because younger people usually have multiple sexual partners than an older person in a long-term relationship. Teenagers may be embarrassed to tell their sexual partners they are infected Teenagers may also be embarrassed or unable to seek medical attention for STDs. This means that they only more likely to pass the disease to other young people and have a greater risk of suffering the long-term consequences of untreated STDs. STDs are transmitted by infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and single-celled organisms called protozoa that live in warm, moist parts of the body, like the genital area, mouth, and throat. Most STDs are spread while having sex, but oral sex can also spread disease. Some STDs are passed from a mother to her child while pregnant, when the disease enters the baby's bloodstream, during childbirth as the baby passes through the birth canal, or after birth, when the baby drinks in fected breast milk. AIDS can be transmitted by blood contact such as open wounds, between people who share infected needles or received through an injection of infected blood. Some people believe that STDs can be transmitted through shaking hands or other casual contact, or through contact with inanimate objects such as clothing or toilet seats, but they cant. Chlamydeous, is from trachoma is bacterium, is the most commonly transmitted STD in the United States. About 500,000 chlamydia infections are reported each year. Since chlamydia may not produce noticeable symptoms, it usually goes untreated. People who do not know they are infected may not seek medical attention and may continue to have sex, not knowing they're spreading the disease. When symptoms do develop, men may experience painful or burning urination or a discharge from the penis. Women may experience burning urination, vaginal secretion, or mild lower abdominal pain. If left untreated, chlamydia damages reproductive tis sue, causing inflammation of the urethra in men and maybe in women. Chlamydia infections are diagnosed by testing penile and vaginal discharge. Gonorrhea, is made by neisseria gonorrhea, infects the membranes in certain genital organs. About 325,000 gonorrhea infections are reported each year in the United States. Like chlamydia, gonorrhea is often symptomless, and men are more likely to develop symptoms than women are. Symptoms may be similar to those of chlamydia and include burning urination and penile or vaginal discharge. Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea are at risk of infection during childbirth; such infections can cause eye which can make the baby blind. Gonorrhea is treatable with several antibiotics. A potentially life-threatening STD is syphilis, which comes from Treponema palladiums. Experts say there are about 100,000 new cases of syphilis in the United States each year. The first part of syphilis is a genital sore, called a chancre comes after infection and then g oes away. If it is not treated, the infection can grow over years, affecting the vertebrae, brain, and heart, which makes you coordination skills go down, meningitis, and produces strokes. Syphilis is easily treated with penicillin. Syphilis cases have gone down since 1982. Syphilis cases are ten times more common in the southern United States than in other parts of the country. Syphilis can be hard